Tale of the Kihansi Spray Toad

The Kihansi spray toad once lived in a 5-acre area at the base of the Kihansi River waterfall in Tanzania.  The females can grow to 1.1 inches long and the males up to 0.75 inches long, which means you can fit a lot into such a tiny space.  Also, they fertilize internally, so they give birth to live young instead of eggs outside of the body.  More importantly they are extinct in the wild.

The cause of extinction is primarily habitat loss due to the building of the Kihansi Dam, which reduced the amount of water spray.  Considering their name, you can tell that they require the spray to survive.  They did play a sprinkler system to mimic the spray, but they didn’t have it ready by the time the dam was activated.  It was turned on at some point, but broke during a dry season.  This also allowed chytrid fungus, a disease that decimates amphibian populations, to run wild through the remaining toads.  By 2004, the species was labeled as extinct in the wild or extirpation.

So, what is being done?

In 2001, the Bronx Zoo took 500 spray toads from the wild and began their breeding program in an effort to save the species.  Around six zoos took toads, but various complications resulted in only the Bronx Zoo and Toledo Zoo being successful.  It would be in 2004 that they got all the kinks out and started making major headway.  The Toledo Zoo opened an exhibit in 2005 to make the public aware of the spray toads and the Bronx Zoo did the same in 2010.  To date, both zoos have a few thousands spray toads each and have helped others zoos start their own successful breeding programs.  They have a reintroduction program connected to this as well, but it is difficult because the toads take a while to acclimate to being in the wild.  This leaves them open to predators, starvation, and the chytrid fungus that is a constant problem.

Another aspect of this recovery is the repeated attempts to revive the environment using sprinklers.  This is not as successful and several tries have resulted in a change to the habitat, but the people doing so seem to keep learning from their mistakes.  If anything, it does show they are trying hard to fix the problem and bring the toads back to their 5-acre homeland.  If you think they should just get rid of the dam then that causes other issues like flooding and a potential surge of pesticides.  That would destroy the area completely if not permanently.

What do the Kihansi spray toads look like?

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Goal Post: Summer Break Is Overrated Anyway

Well, I went back to work for our summer Life Skills program.  I have to give up thinking it’s going to be easier than the regular school year.  We hit the ground running and don’t really stop until the end of the day.  It’s only 5 hours instead of 7, but we cram a lot of activities into that time.  I thought I could eat a decent lunch of tahini and strawberries on a pita with a few snacks.  That worked for a bit, but a schedule change means I have to eat fast.  So, it’s going to be yogurt and a sugar free muscle milk except for field trip days and Fridays.  I can survive that . . . I think.

Due to all of my energy going to the summer session and my son starting camp, I wasn’t able to touch Darwin & the Beast Collector after Sunday.  I did get a good amount done last weekend, so I only have 6 chapters to go.  That’s 3 weekends worth of work unless I get some writing done on a weekday.  This coming Thursday and Friday might give me time to whittle down the next chapter, which might be the heftiest of the entire book.  If I finish before summer school and camp end, I will probably get the September and October posts done.  Part of me is scared to start Darwin & the Joy Path until after the week with my son in August.

I’m getting more and more nervous about starting a new book after so many years of hiding behind editing.  There are so many factors.  My life is still a stressful trudge from day to day because of the custody schedule, work, living situation, health, and the list keeps going.  Only being able to write every other weekend makes me feel like the book will be terrible even with editing.  I also worry that my mindset is too battered to write a positive character like Darwin Slepsnor.  The story revolves around him helping an old friend get a legendary artifact to use as a wedding proposal item.  That could be messing with me too because marriage and love aren’t themes I jump into a lot.  Not right now anyway.  Still, it’s the next in the series and I can’t skip to the next one because I don’t know what spells Darwin will create this time.

Another issue that I’ve mentioned before is not having the money to get cover art or promote.  So, I can’t share these books.  Part of me wonders if I ever will at this rate since TA pay isn’t as high as teacher pay. 99 cent books didn’t do much beyond netting a few dollars each month.  Not enough for me to even get a payment yet.

Next week is going to be back to the grindstone, but I’m on my own for the latter half.  I already know I’m going to cook Pineapple Chicken Skewers and Sweet/Sour Meatballs for two of the nights.  Might skip the Wednesday night Pokemon Go event and dive into Darwin & the Beast Collector instead.  That or cut out early, grab dinner, and use the . . . Oh, it’s a big field tirp on Thursday, so I’m going to need as much rest as possible.  Never mind that plan.  I’ll edit on Thursday and Friday for an hour each.

This weekend is going to be somewhat relaxing.  My son and I are doing the Pokemon Go event today, which will allow us to talk a bit.  Lots of stuff to discuss.  Tomorrow will be a trip to the Bronx Zoo where they will have a ‘new’ exhibit open.  Today is the opening day, but I wanted to go on Sunday instead.  It’s the ‘World of Darkness’, which was one of my favorites as a kid, but it closed before my son was old enough to go.  Now that it’s back I really want him to see the nocturnal animals.  Don’t think we’ll be able to take any pictures because flash photography isn’t allowed and I’m not breaking that rule.  I might be more excited than him here.

Nothing else is really going on that’s worth talking about.  I made it to the weekend after a really rough week.  Still processing one thing, which revolved around something I thought was possible isn’t.  This can result in a major disaster down the road, but I’ll hope that other people involved won’t cause any trouble.  This may have triggered a story or character idea, which has me nervous.  I don’t know where to put these characters or if they have any good traction.  My thieves guild story could work for them, but that thing is a mess with tons of characters already.  There’s the monster hunter one too, but all of those heroes are supposed to be cursed and these two aren’t.  Would it make sense to have a thieves guild story that has 10-12 named thieves on the team?  Maybe I could change it to a short story series with an overarching plot like I was thinking with the Windemere superhero stuff?  Wish I had people to talk to on this side of the computer for this.

Anyway, goals of the week:

  1. Enjoy the weekend with my son.
  2. See nocturnal animals.
  3. Catch shiny Pokemon today.
  4. Type in more of Darwin & the Beast Collector.
  5. Appointments!
  6. Work!
  7. Cook dinners to avoid starving.
  8. Puzzle time to relax.
  9. Iron on patch to blank hat I bought in emergency.
  10. Sleep better.
  11. NEVER TAKE ZZZQUIL AGAIN!  That backfired for some reason.
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Revisit: No Fun in Perfection

This was posted December 26, 2012 and I love the opening warning.  Even in my haggard state, I was able to make some sense.  Pretty sure I’ve touched on this subject a few times afterwards, but it’s funny how it all started when I had the flu or something.

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(Note: I’m writing this with a 100+ fever, so bear with me here.)

I read a fantasy book where the main character was flawless. He learned magic and swordsmanship with ease. The other characters were in awe of him even though he began as a farmer with no training. By the end of the story, he was unstoppable, but he was basically unstoppable at the beginning too. There was never a doubt that he would succeed, which I can deal with to some extent. It’s that he succeeded without sacrifice, without difficulty, and with his losses rather laughable. Compare this to a character I mentioned in my last post that had minimal combat training and spent the last battle running until getting a lucky shot in on the main villain. You knew the character would win because the heroes usually do, but the character didn’t become some super-warrior. I felt this was more believable and helped me relate to the second character. The first character I mentioned was more of a placeholder that I was hoping would wander off for a few chapters.

Flaws are everywhere in our world, so I think it is only natural for flaws to be in fiction. As someone who reads fantasy books, I find that they are teeming with flawed characters. Frodo’s battle against the influence of the One Ring, Ender Wiggin’s fears and self-doubt, and so many other characters that make me connect to them on some level. I remember these characters for their struggles and not because they came out on top. After all, you need an interesting road to travel from the first page to the last page. An imperfect character gives you more to work with because the flaws bring twists to the road. For example, a hero with a gambling problem can have a subplot that he/she is looking for a family heirloom that he/she lost in a game. You can also have the character lose an important item in a game and he/she has to find a way to get it back. Some people might see this as a distraction, but when has one’s path through life ever run straight without obstacles. Besides, it’s a lot more fun to read a story with dips and swerves that make a reader groan and, hopefully, yell at the character out loud. One of my favorite instances is when a friend was reading my book and I was in the kitchen when I heard him say, “The hell is wrong with you, Luke! Stop being an idiot!” It brought a victorious smile to my face because I felt that I made a character that could be connected with.

The first book I wrote in high school had this problem with three of the four main characters being perfect. The fourth one was a narcissist, spoiled brat who would go on to be my favorite character of the heroes. I found that it was the flaws of the character that made me want to use her more often than the other characters. So, I began deciding on flaws for characters when I was creating them. This ranged from severe phobias to hearing voices to my personal favorite of reckless cockiness. I also found that I didn’t want my characters to get out of a fight without taking a few hits. There was a sense of peril and the idea that they would lose that I wanted to portray to the reader. Luke Callindor takes beatings, but keeps on fighting. Once I noticed this quirk and had a small internal conversation with him, I started doing it intentionally and his fighting style became more defined. It would be this battle cockiness of Luke that I transferred to his overall actions. He would mouth off to the wrong person because he had this ego that went unchecked, which made for a great flaw that he could work to overcome.

I mentioned that the trick to creating a character with flaws is to put them into the character during their creation. This can be accomplished by creating a background for the character and just going wild. You don’t have to keep everything, but there might be a few gems that you never knew was in your head. The real trick is making sure these flaws translate into the story, which can be difficult. Many writers want to protect their main heroes and it gets difficult giving them a flaw. You feel like you’re burdening this child with a problem that they did nothing to deserve. This is where the path comes into play, but a writer doesn’t always think ahead to the end of the story. They look at the now and a flaw is a rough addition when you haven’t thought about how the character will overcome it. The idea that they will overcome the flaw might not even cross your mind. Let’s be honest with ourselves. Nobody likes to be flawed or revel in their deficiencies, so it is slightly bizarre to willingly give a flaw to a character. Yet, there is something cathartic about putting flaws into a character who you can lead to conquer the flaws. I find that I learn a little about coping from my own characters because I refuse to make them perfect. Luke is oddly inspirational to me when I write a chapter section where he is out-matched and he finds a way to get out alive. He doesn’t always get out unscathed, but he finds a way to survive.

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Poetry Day: Serum

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(This is about a character I dreamt up long ago.  Haven’t figured out how to use him, but I have noticed other characters have been made with his blood powers since I first thought him up in 2000.  At least, I’ve become aware of them.  Still, I might find a way to get him in there at some point.)

A disturbing thought
Who slipped into a lucid dream
And remained
In my waking world
Now I gave him name

 

A youthful being
Normal upon first sight
Brown of hair and eye
He hides a lethal trick
Unleashed whenever cut

 

He is a secret monster
Born of mankind’s wars
For beneath the skin
Only blood exists
Churning for release

 

A simple cut
And his blood will spew
Hardening in air
And gaining razor’s edge
Or coating him in armor

 

Through many forms
I gave him life
This blood worker of my mind
Is he my greatest hero
Or my greatest villain

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Where Am I? #WriteTip

During the Fourth of July weekend, many folks were on the road, listening to music or daydreaming while stuck in traffic. Nothing at all interesting …

Where Am I? #WriteTip
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Revisit: The Next . . .

Published on December 19th, 2012, this is a very important post.  One that I wish I remembered before today since I think it holds even more true today.  We keep looking for the ‘next’ person to take the mantle of someone instead of letting newer artists be the first of their own name.

Many times I have been asked who I write like. Do I want to be the next Tolkien, Lewis, Jordan, etc.? I never liked this question because it immediately makes me think that people expect me to be unoriginal. I know they are talking about popularity and writing style, but it really does come off as a person claiming that everything has been done before. In my youth, I found this to be offensive and aggravating. In my current years, I find this to be surprisingly true to a point.

I think everything has been done before to some extent. There are only so many basic plots that exist and the artist has been around for centuries. I wouldn’t say everything is a rip-off or influenced by past works, but it isn’t too hard to make connections to some extent between current works and past works. The example that had me thinking of this recently is the Hunger Games. I admit to never reading the book or seeing the movie because of reasons that I will not get into here. Still, I immediately thought of Running Man, Battle Royale, Spartacus, and anything else that dealt with pitting one person against another. There are even some historical similarities that I think of like gladiator fights and child soldiers. I even thought it reminded me a little of The Most Dangerous Game. This isn’t to say that the Hunger Games is a horrible idea and should never have been created. There is an appeal to it and I have wondered a lot about what drew people into the story. I know there is my culture’s obsession with gore and violence, but I think there’s more to it.

I think a traditional plot device such as quests and tournaments to the death can be overlooked if they come with a new world and interesting characters. We read fiction to escape reality, so exploring a world that is different from our own is very appealing. You get a thrill of excitement whenever you come across a town or environment that isn’t on a map. Creatures that you would never meet in the real world are commonplace. It is almost like a child going to the zoo for the first time and seeing an animal that they never knew existed. There is a sense of discovery and wonder that comes from reading about a world that is not your own. Well, there is this sense as long as you let the world take you away until the book is closed. I meet a lot of readers who resist the pull of a book and focus on reasons why they shouldn’t like it. Things like a spelling error on page 74 destroyed the book for them or they already read a story with a similar plot, so this one must have been inferior. I really wonder what would have happened if these people read the second book first. Would the book they are praising now be the weaker of the two?

The second way to utilize a traditional plot device and still earn points with the reader is the method that I like to use. I love designing characters who the reader can relate to even if the reader only relates to a single character. My secondary characters have a history and some depth, so they are more than background. My main characters are flawed to the point where a reader might find them obnoxious at the beginning. Luke Callindor is a perfect example of a character who starts out whining, getting into trouble, and being about as heroic as a crying toddler. Still, part of the fun in reading a story is to see these flawed characters grow and adapt through their adventure. I always believed that character development can trump a standard plot as long as you keep it interesting and somewhat realistic. A hero that begins with no confidence and skills should not be an unstoppable warrior by the middle of the book. There is a recent movie example that I would like to use, but I think the movie is too new for me to safely say it. I will state that commercials made the hero look like some warrior badass, but when you watch the movie this character received no combat training. By the time of the final battle, this character spent the entire thing running and dodging until meeting the villain. This then resulted in a rather amusing beating and the hero wins through a lucky shot and the villain’s own arrogance. I find this type of character development and realism more interesting even when this was a movie that was not original in any way. It made me believe that the character was human and could possibly fail, which I think is very important to push a story.

The truth is that everything has a connection to something in the past. We are all influenced by the world around us and a lot of it is entertainment media. I grew up watching cartoons, movies, playing video games, reading fiction books, comic books, and all manner of media. I ran around my backyard with toy swords pretending to battle whatever historical warrior I was into at the time. Everything I have ever done has been influenced by something that came before me, so my books will be the same thing. This is why my goal is to make memorable characters within the story. I get more enjoyment from hearing someone tell me about their favorite character than being told why they liked the overall story. This may sound strange and it also comes off as me outing myself as someone who doesn’t sit in a dark room struggling to think of something that hasn’t been done before. Besides, I prefer to have the lights on when I create stories and characters. Prevents eye strain, stubbed toes, and the voices appreciate it.

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Tuesday – Anything Possible – Eternal Road The final stop is on Promotion

Eternal Road – The Final Stop is included in the Kindle Unlimited Reader Giveaway sponsored by Authorsxp.com eBook, Paperback & Kindle Reader …

Tuesday – Anything Possible – Eternal Road The final stop is on Promotion
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Teaser Tuesday: The Debut of the Baron

Cover Art by Jason Pedersen

This is a big scene from Allure of the Gypsies because it’s where Baron Arthuru Kernaghan makes his debut.  Having a main villain trapped in one spot for the entire series was tough, but I think I made it work.  Peppering scenes of him talking to his minions and taking some action from afar helped to create a sense that he is contained for a reason.

Continue reading

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High Fantasy

Hi, gang. ✋ Craig here again. We’re continuing my series dive into the speculative genres. Today we’re going to look at High Fantasy. High Fantasy …

High Fantasy
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Revisit: Game vs. Book Differences

Posted on December 12, 2012 . . . I was posting rapidly once I started.  Posts were either gigantic like this or around 200 words too.  Gee, I was a mess of a newbie blogger.

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At the age of thirteen, I was introduced to Dungeons & Dragons, which opened the door to several other dice-based roleplaying games. This hobby lasted through college and a few years beyond. If you think I’m outing myself as a nerd/geek/dweeb/whatever then understand that you would get this vibe from me within fifteen minutes of us talking. That’s being generous because I look the part, but that’s not the point of this.

When I hit college, I realized that the characters I was playing and the games I was either in or running would make good stories. So, for some games, I asked permission to write books based on the adventures and for others games I simply tested out characters. This method of story and character testing is what led to the creation of Windemere and many of the major heroes that I use. Unfortunately, this method also came with a major flaw that I did not realize until I sat down to write Beginning of a Hero.

The flaw is that what works for a game does not always work for a book. Very few secondary character conversations happen in games and many games devolve into battle after battle after battle. Your heroes start incredibly weak and level up, which does not translate well to a book setting because leveling is rather abrupt. Imagine if you are reading a book, a battle happens and suddenly one of the heroes instantly knows archery. In the book, you would have to give the character a reason to learn, time to learn, and a teacher, which takes away from the overall story. The ways to counter this is to either have the new skills learned between books or start the heroes off with a decent level of skill. I’m not talking perfect, but able to handle themselves in whatever role they are designed for. The best example of this is the spellcaster Nyx who appears in my second book. In the game, she began with only one or two combat spells, which led to her getting knocked out at least once per game. In the characters defense, the player (now my wife) was new to the hobby and had a habit of rushing into battle like she was a warrior. It was adorable, but not a good thing to transfer to a book. So, I had her start with incredible magical power and her challenge came from keeping it under control and fine-tuning her abilities. This made the book version and game versions incredibly different in ability, evolution, and personality.

Another part of this flaw is that many players will act out a character in either the same way or so off-the-wall that you have to change the character for the book. Noble heroes are the most common because they are the easiest to play, but there is very little difference in personality for these types. This is where character flaws and strategies come in. For example, two noble heroes that appear in Legends of Windemere are differentiated by one being a reckless warrior and the other being a strategist warrior. In a game, the reckless warrior is more likely to die because of a bad roll of the dice. So, for many characters I had to design new personalities with more depth, which is easier to do in a book because the author makes the rules. My psychotic vampire from World of Darkness can be more monstrous and violent in the book than he ever was in the game because he doesn’t have stats to prevent his rages.

One of the biggest downsides to using games for book influence is that a person can leave the game when they stop having fun or have something better to do. Legends of Windemere never made it to the end of the game. I’m not even sure it made it to the halfway mark. I do know that over the years several players left for various reasons, leaving gaps in the plot and issues for my books. So, you can probably figure out which characters belonging to players who left. At one point, over half the gaming group left, which left me with a weekend of figuring out what to do with the characters. Eventually, I decided that I would stop following the game and use it as a loose outline for stories. The game could change its plot and only we would know, but I couldn’t make essential characters expendable in the book after giving them major build-ups. I remember the biggest disaster that this came up was when a character was introduced and the player left college in less than a year. Within that year, this character was signified as an essential part of the plot’s prophecy and developed a deep relationship with another character. So, this character went through several kidnappings, comas, and other instances until the gamemaster and I had a fight on what to do. He wanted to kill her off while I didn’t see how the game could continue without her. This is probably a perfect example of the different mentalities behind games and books. In the end, I had to redesign the character for the books and redesign most of the events to include her because she was never around in the game. To this day, she is one of my favorite characters and I always feel sorry for some of the things I do to here.

I think of this topic a lot because I remember the characters and people that I gamed with every time I write the book scenes. Even the characters that I played are different than the one I spent years tracking stats and gear for. He has become a lot more powerful, a lot deeper, and a lot more believable. It is that last part that is strange to me because it really shows that when people play games of make-believe, they really don’t want to touch too much of reality. Many game characters lack flaws or are given minor flaws for the sole purpose of getting more points to increase stats. Rarely did you find someone who took a flaw because they wanted to act out the flaw because in the end for the players, the game was about winning and not about the story. It is a different mentality than the one of an author nurturing characters along their literary path. I have no sense of stats or dice when I write my scenes, which makes many of the game events impossible to transfer.

I would like to say that I treated every character with love and respect when I altered their backgrounds and skills to fit into Windemere. The truth is that some things simply could not be transferred and other things I never understood or liked in the first place. Heck, I’m still not sure about some of the character’s original backgrounds because they were never delved into in the game. I guess this is the risk people take when they try to transfer from a medium of multiple minds to a medium of the single mind.

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